LED Resistor Calculator
Calculate the correct resistor value for LEDs based on supply voltage and LED specifications. Supports single LEDs, series, and parallel configurations. Essential for Arduino, Raspberry Pi, ESP32, and electronics projects. Includes power dissipation warnings and standard E24 resistor suggestions.
Power Supply
Common: 3.3V (ESP32), 5V (Arduino/USB), 9V (battery), 12V (automotive)
LED Specifications
LED Configuration
Series: LEDs share current, voltages add up. One resistor needed.
Required Resistor
💡 Using a slightly higher resistance is safer for LED longevity
Circuit Diagram
Circuit Details
The Formula
R = R = Resistor value in Ohms (Ω)
Vs = Vs = Supply voltage
Vf = Vf = LED forward voltage (sum for series LEDs)
If = If = Desired LED forward current in Amps
Common LED Specifications
| LED Type | Forward Voltage | Typical Current | Wavelength |
|---|---|---|---|
Red | 1.8 - 2.2V | 20mA | 620-645nm |
Orange | 2.0 - 2.2V | 20mA | 590-610nm |
Yellow | 2.0 - 2.2V | 20mA | 570-590nm |
Green | 2.0 - 3.2V | 20mA | 520-550nm |
Blue | 3.0 - 3.5V | 20mA | 460-490nm |
White | 3.0 - 3.5V | 20mA | ledCalculator.broadSpectrum |
UV (395nm) | 3.2 - 4.0V | 20mA | 380-410nm |
Infrared | 1.2 - 1.6V | 20mA | 850-950nm |
Why LEDs Need Resistors
LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) have a very low internal resistance once they start conducting. Without a current-limiting resistor, the LED would draw excessive current from the power supply, leading to overheating and immediate failure.
The resistor acts as a current regulator, dropping the excess voltage and limiting the current to a safe level for the LED. The LED's brightness is directly proportional to the current flowing through it—more current means brighter light, but also more heat and shorter lifespan.
Pro tip: When in doubt, choose a slightly higher resistance value. Your LED will be slightly dimmer but will last much longer. The difference in brightness between 15mA and 20mA is often imperceptible to the human eye.
How to Calculate LED Resistor Value
- Enter your power supply voltage (e.g., 5V for Arduino, 12V for automotive)
- Select your LED type or enter custom forward voltage and current
- Choose LED configuration (single, series, or parallel)
- The calculator automatically computes the required resistor value
- Use the nearest standard E24 resistor value shown in the results
Common Examples
Arduino 5V with Red LED
Supply: 5V, LED: Red (2.0V, 20mA). Result: ~150Ω resistor. Use 150Ω or 180Ω standard value.
12V Automotive with 3 LEDs in Series
Supply: 12V, 3x Red LEDs (2.0V each = 6V total, 20mA). Result: ~300Ω resistor. Perfect for automotive lighting projects.
ESP32 3.3V with Blue LED
Supply: 3.3V, LED: Blue (3.3V, 20mA). Result: Very small resistor needed (~0Ω). Consider using a current-limiting circuit or lower current.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Forgetting to account for multiple LEDs in series (voltages add up)
- Using parallel LEDs without individual resistors (each branch needs its own resistor)
- Ignoring power dissipation warnings (resistor may overheat)
- Using exact calculated value instead of nearest standard E24 value
- Not checking if total LED voltage exceeds supply voltage
Frequently Asked Questions
What happens if I don't use a resistor with an LED?
Without a resistor, the LED will draw excessive current and burn out immediately. The resistor limits current to a safe level.
Can I use a higher resistor value than calculated?
Yes! Using a slightly higher resistor is safer and will make the LED last longer. The brightness difference is usually imperceptible.
How do I connect multiple LEDs?
For series: Connect LEDs end-to-end with one resistor. For parallel: Each LED branch needs its own resistor for proper current limiting.
What's the difference between series and parallel?
Series: LEDs share current, voltages add up. Parallel: Each LED gets full voltage, but each branch needs its own resistor.
Why does the calculator show power warnings?
If the resistor power dissipation exceeds typical 1/4W rating, it may overheat. Consider using a 1/2W or 1W resistor.